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2011-12-28 10:44:26 UTC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear_of_children
Fear of children
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about fear of children (pedophobia). For fear of
dolls, see Pediophobia.
Fear of children, fear of infants or fear of childhood is
alternatively called pedophobia, paedophobia (British English)[1] or
pediaphobia.[2][3] Other age-focused fears are ephebiphobia and
gerontophobia. Recognized outcomes of pedophobia include paternalism,
adultism, and by extension, ageism.
Contents [hide]
1 Etymology
2 Scientific analysis
3 Popular perception
4 Causes
5 Addressing the issue
6 See also
7 References
8 Related reading
[edit]Etymology
It comes from the Greek words paidi (gr:παιδί) which means child and -
phobia (gr:φοβία)
[edit]Scientific analysis
The fear of children has been diagnosed and treated by psychiatrists,
with studies examining the effects of multiple forms of treatment.[4]
Sociologists have situated "contemporary fears about children and
childhood", e.g. pedophobia, as "contributing to the ongoing social
construction of childhood", suggesting that "generational power
relations, in which children’s lives are bounded by adult
surveillance" affect many aspects of society.[5] More than one study
has identified the fear of children as a factor affecting biological
conception in humans.[6][7]
[edit]Popular perception
Pedophobia is the raison d'etre for several international social
justice movements addressing young people, including children's rights
and youth participation. Major international organizations addressing
pedophobia, either outright or by implication, include Save the
Children and Children's Defense Fund. However, some organizations,
particularly those associated with the youth rights movement, claim
that these movements actually perpetuate pedophobia.[8]
The complicity of this notion is exacerbated by observations by
experts such as Letty Cottin-Pogrebin, a founding editor of Ms.
magazine, who is said to have diagnosed America as having an "epidemic
of pedophobia", saying that, "[t]hough most of us make exceptions for
our own offspring, we do not seem particularly warm-hearted towards
other peoples' children."[9]
[edit]Causes
One author suggests that the cause of the fear of children in academia
specifically extends from adults' distinct awareness of the capacity
of children as she wrote, "Children embarrass us because they point
ever too cleverly and clearly to our denial of personal, material, and
maternal history."[10] A separate report suggests that the source of
current trends in the fear of children have a specific source, namely,
James Q. Wilson, a professor at UCLA‘s School of Management... back in
1975... helped inaugurate the current climate of pedophobia [when he
said] 'a critical mass of younger persons... creates an explosive
increase in the amount of crime.'[11]
[edit]Addressing the issue
As mentioned above, social service, human rights, and social justice
organizations have been tackling the fear of children for dozens of
years. The United Nations has created the Convention on the Rights of
the Child, which is implicitly designed to address pedophobia by
fostering intergenerational equity between children and adults.[12]
As evidenced above, pedophobia is distinctly addressed by academic,
especially evidenced since the creation of the field of Youth studies.
Exploring R. Kelly's ephebophilia and the victimization of females in
the African American community, Michael Eric Dyson, a recognized
scholar in the areas of religion and humanities, addresses pedophobia
head-on, suggesting that the way to change the popular fear of
children is to "[p]ay attention to a culture of subtle pedophobia that
ignores the devastating impact on children's lives of the practices we
have learned to take for granted in our communities."[13]
The influence of the fear of children in American popular culture is
examined by critical media analysts who have identified the effects of
pedophobia in both Disney[14] and horror films.[15]
A wide range of other authors and scholars, including Henry Giroux,
[16] Mike Males and Barbara Kingsolver,[17] have suggested that the
popular modern fear of children actually stems from corporatization of
mass media and its complicity with a range of political and economic
interests. Males perhaps goes the furthest, actually writing an entire
book exploring the subject[18]
[edit]See also
Fear of childbirth
Fear of seniors
Fear of youth
List of phobias
[edit]References
^ Lewis, Paul (23 October 2006). "Fear of teenagers is growing in
Britain, study warns". London: Guardian. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
"But it appears that an aversion to young people, or "paedophobia", is
becoming a national phenomenon."
^ Kring, A., Davison, G., et al. (2006) Abnormal Psychology Wiley.
^ Djordjevic, S. (2004) Dictionary of Medicine: French-English with
English-French Glossary. Schreiber Publishing, Inc.
^ Schwartz, C., Houlihan, D., Krueger, K. F., Simon, D. A. (1997) "The
Behavioral Treatment of a Young Adult with Post Traumatic Stress
Disorder and a Fear of Children," Child & Family Behavior Therapy,
191, p37-49.
^ Scott, S., Jackson, S., & Backett-milburnswings, K. (1998) "Swings
and roundabouts: Risk anxiety and the everyday worlds of children,"
Sociology, 32 p. 689-705. Cambridge University Press.
^ Kemeter, P. & Fiegl, J. (1998) "Adjusting to life when assisted
conception fails," Human Reproduction. 134 p. 1099–1105.
^ McDonald, R. (1968) "The Role of Emotional Factors in Obstetric
Complications: A Review," Psychosomatic Medicine 30 p. 222-237.
American Psychosomatic Society.
^ Axon, K. (n.d.) The Anti-Child Bias of Children's Advocacy Groups
Chicago, IL: Americans for a Society Free of Age Restrictions.
^ L. Pogrebin, as cited in Zelizer, V. (1994) Pricing the Priceless
Child: The Changing Social Value of Children Princeton University
Press.
^ Coiner, C. & George, D.H. (1998) The Family Track: Keeping Your
Faculties while You Mentor, Nurture, Teach, and Serve University of
Illinois Press.
^ Murashige, M. (2001). The Future of Change: Youth Perspectives on
Social Justice and Cross-Cultural Collaborative Action in Los Angeles.
Los Angeles: MultiCultural Collaborative.
^ Penn, J. (1999) London University Institute of Education.
^ Dyson, M.E. (2004) Mercy, Mercy Me: The Art, Loves and Demons of
Marvin Gaye Basic Civitas Books.
^ Giroux, H. (1999) The Mouse that Roared: Disney and the End of
Innocence. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
^ Phillips, K. (2005) Projected Fears: Horror Films and American
Culture. Praeger Publishers
^ (n.d.) Reading List on Henry Giroux. The Freechild Project.
^ Dudley-Marling, C., Jackson, J., & Patel, L. (2006) "Disrespecting
Childhood, Phi Delta Kappan 8710 (June 2006).
^ Males, M. (2001) Kids and Guns: How Politicians, Experts, and the
Media Fabricate Fear of Youth. Common Courage Press.
[edit]Related reading
Look up pedophobia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Raising Cain: Protecting the Emotional Life of Boys by Daniel J.
Kindlon, Michael Thompson, et al.
Prout, R. (2001) Fear and Gendering: Pedophobia, Effeminophobia, and
Hyermasculine Desire in the Work of Juan Goytisolo, 'Worlds of Change,
42.
Scharf, R. (2001) "Pedophobia, the gynarchy, and the androcracy,"
Journal of Psychohistory 28(3) (Winter 2001) p. 281-302.
Fear of children
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about fear of children (pedophobia). For fear of
dolls, see Pediophobia.
Fear of children, fear of infants or fear of childhood is
alternatively called pedophobia, paedophobia (British English)[1] or
pediaphobia.[2][3] Other age-focused fears are ephebiphobia and
gerontophobia. Recognized outcomes of pedophobia include paternalism,
adultism, and by extension, ageism.
Contents [hide]
1 Etymology
2 Scientific analysis
3 Popular perception
4 Causes
5 Addressing the issue
6 See also
7 References
8 Related reading
[edit]Etymology
It comes from the Greek words paidi (gr:παιδί) which means child and -
phobia (gr:φοβία)
[edit]Scientific analysis
The fear of children has been diagnosed and treated by psychiatrists,
with studies examining the effects of multiple forms of treatment.[4]
Sociologists have situated "contemporary fears about children and
childhood", e.g. pedophobia, as "contributing to the ongoing social
construction of childhood", suggesting that "generational power
relations, in which children’s lives are bounded by adult
surveillance" affect many aspects of society.[5] More than one study
has identified the fear of children as a factor affecting biological
conception in humans.[6][7]
[edit]Popular perception
Pedophobia is the raison d'etre for several international social
justice movements addressing young people, including children's rights
and youth participation. Major international organizations addressing
pedophobia, either outright or by implication, include Save the
Children and Children's Defense Fund. However, some organizations,
particularly those associated with the youth rights movement, claim
that these movements actually perpetuate pedophobia.[8]
The complicity of this notion is exacerbated by observations by
experts such as Letty Cottin-Pogrebin, a founding editor of Ms.
magazine, who is said to have diagnosed America as having an "epidemic
of pedophobia", saying that, "[t]hough most of us make exceptions for
our own offspring, we do not seem particularly warm-hearted towards
other peoples' children."[9]
[edit]Causes
One author suggests that the cause of the fear of children in academia
specifically extends from adults' distinct awareness of the capacity
of children as she wrote, "Children embarrass us because they point
ever too cleverly and clearly to our denial of personal, material, and
maternal history."[10] A separate report suggests that the source of
current trends in the fear of children have a specific source, namely,
James Q. Wilson, a professor at UCLA‘s School of Management... back in
1975... helped inaugurate the current climate of pedophobia [when he
said] 'a critical mass of younger persons... creates an explosive
increase in the amount of crime.'[11]
[edit]Addressing the issue
As mentioned above, social service, human rights, and social justice
organizations have been tackling the fear of children for dozens of
years. The United Nations has created the Convention on the Rights of
the Child, which is implicitly designed to address pedophobia by
fostering intergenerational equity between children and adults.[12]
As evidenced above, pedophobia is distinctly addressed by academic,
especially evidenced since the creation of the field of Youth studies.
Exploring R. Kelly's ephebophilia and the victimization of females in
the African American community, Michael Eric Dyson, a recognized
scholar in the areas of religion and humanities, addresses pedophobia
head-on, suggesting that the way to change the popular fear of
children is to "[p]ay attention to a culture of subtle pedophobia that
ignores the devastating impact on children's lives of the practices we
have learned to take for granted in our communities."[13]
The influence of the fear of children in American popular culture is
examined by critical media analysts who have identified the effects of
pedophobia in both Disney[14] and horror films.[15]
A wide range of other authors and scholars, including Henry Giroux,
[16] Mike Males and Barbara Kingsolver,[17] have suggested that the
popular modern fear of children actually stems from corporatization of
mass media and its complicity with a range of political and economic
interests. Males perhaps goes the furthest, actually writing an entire
book exploring the subject[18]
[edit]See also
Fear of childbirth
Fear of seniors
Fear of youth
List of phobias
[edit]References
^ Lewis, Paul (23 October 2006). "Fear of teenagers is growing in
Britain, study warns". London: Guardian. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
"But it appears that an aversion to young people, or "paedophobia", is
becoming a national phenomenon."
^ Kring, A., Davison, G., et al. (2006) Abnormal Psychology Wiley.
^ Djordjevic, S. (2004) Dictionary of Medicine: French-English with
English-French Glossary. Schreiber Publishing, Inc.
^ Schwartz, C., Houlihan, D., Krueger, K. F., Simon, D. A. (1997) "The
Behavioral Treatment of a Young Adult with Post Traumatic Stress
Disorder and a Fear of Children," Child & Family Behavior Therapy,
191, p37-49.
^ Scott, S., Jackson, S., & Backett-milburnswings, K. (1998) "Swings
and roundabouts: Risk anxiety and the everyday worlds of children,"
Sociology, 32 p. 689-705. Cambridge University Press.
^ Kemeter, P. & Fiegl, J. (1998) "Adjusting to life when assisted
conception fails," Human Reproduction. 134 p. 1099–1105.
^ McDonald, R. (1968) "The Role of Emotional Factors in Obstetric
Complications: A Review," Psychosomatic Medicine 30 p. 222-237.
American Psychosomatic Society.
^ Axon, K. (n.d.) The Anti-Child Bias of Children's Advocacy Groups
Chicago, IL: Americans for a Society Free of Age Restrictions.
^ L. Pogrebin, as cited in Zelizer, V. (1994) Pricing the Priceless
Child: The Changing Social Value of Children Princeton University
Press.
^ Coiner, C. & George, D.H. (1998) The Family Track: Keeping Your
Faculties while You Mentor, Nurture, Teach, and Serve University of
Illinois Press.
^ Murashige, M. (2001). The Future of Change: Youth Perspectives on
Social Justice and Cross-Cultural Collaborative Action in Los Angeles.
Los Angeles: MultiCultural Collaborative.
^ Penn, J. (1999) London University Institute of Education.
^ Dyson, M.E. (2004) Mercy, Mercy Me: The Art, Loves and Demons of
Marvin Gaye Basic Civitas Books.
^ Giroux, H. (1999) The Mouse that Roared: Disney and the End of
Innocence. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
^ Phillips, K. (2005) Projected Fears: Horror Films and American
Culture. Praeger Publishers
^ (n.d.) Reading List on Henry Giroux. The Freechild Project.
^ Dudley-Marling, C., Jackson, J., & Patel, L. (2006) "Disrespecting
Childhood, Phi Delta Kappan 8710 (June 2006).
^ Males, M. (2001) Kids and Guns: How Politicians, Experts, and the
Media Fabricate Fear of Youth. Common Courage Press.
[edit]Related reading
Look up pedophobia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Raising Cain: Protecting the Emotional Life of Boys by Daniel J.
Kindlon, Michael Thompson, et al.
Prout, R. (2001) Fear and Gendering: Pedophobia, Effeminophobia, and
Hyermasculine Desire in the Work of Juan Goytisolo, 'Worlds of Change,
42.
Scharf, R. (2001) "Pedophobia, the gynarchy, and the androcracy,"
Journal of Psychohistory 28(3) (Winter 2001) p. 281-302.